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Mechanical nociceptive thresholds in the axial skeleton of horses



Authors: Haussler, K.K.; Erb, H.N.



Source: Equine Veterinary Journal, Volume 38, Number 1, January 2006, pp. 70-75(6)



Publisher: Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd











Abstract:

Reasons for performing study: An objective measure of neck, back and croup pain is needed in horses with musculoskeletal injuries, vague upper limb lameness or poor performance.



Objectives: To establish mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) within the axial skeleton and evaluate the effects of subject status and ridden exercise.



Methods: Thirty-six mature horses (10 nonridden; 26 actively ridden) were used to assess MNTs evoked by a pressure algometer (PA) with a 1 cm2 rubber plunger tip at 62 midline and bilaterally symmetrical anatomical landmarks along the axial skeleton. Pressure was applied at a uniform rate of application until a local avoidance reaction was noted. The repeatability of 3 consecutive measurements was evaluated. Left-to-right comparisons and the effects of subject status and ridden exercise on MNTs were assessed.



Results: MNTs were repeatable and increased in a cranial-to-caudal gradient within the axial skeleton. Typically, there were no significant left-to-right differences. Within-horse variability was less than between-horse variability. Higher MNTs were measured in young, heavy, non-Thoroughbred, castrated males, and in horses that were ridden and actively exercised.



Conclusions and potential relevance: PA provides an objective, noninvasive, and repeatable tool to measure mechanical nociception in horses. MNTs vary in horses with differing subject status and ridden exercise level.



Keywords: HORSE; PRESSURE ALGOMETRY; MECHANICAL NOCICEPTIVE THRESHOLD; BACK PAIN; EXERCISE; REPEATABILITY



Document Type: Research article



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